It has become evident that we cannot understand tumour growth without considering
components of the stromal microenvironment, such as the vasculature. At the same time, the …

The metastatic process is highly inefficient—very few of the many cells that migrate from the
primary tumour successfully colonize distant sites. One proposed mechanism to explain this …

Evolving studies with several different targeted therapeutic agents are demonstrating that
patients with genomic alterations of the target, including amplification, translocation and …

Neoplasms are microcosms of evolution. Within a neoplasm, a mosaic of mutant cells
compete for space and resources, evade predation by the immune system and can even …

Recent years have seen considerable advances in our understanding of both the clinical
and basic-research aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical progress has come from a better …

Rapamycin, a macrocyclic lactone, is a highly specific inhibitor of the serine/threonine
protein kinase target of rapamycin (TOR). Although it is clear that TOR controls initiation of …

The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are key enzymes in cancer formation and cancer treatment.
They mediate the metabolic activation of numerous precarcinogens and participate in the …

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors regulate several important physiological
processes, including inflammation and immune responses, cell growth, apoptosis, and the …

Transcription factors of the NF-κB family regulate hundreds of genes in the context of
multiple important physiological and pathological processes. NF-κB activation depends on …

Control of mRNA translation plays a fundamental role in many aspects of cell metabolism. It
constitutes a critical step in the control of gene expression, and consequently cell growth …