To minimize transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2), the novel coronavirus responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the US Centers …

In this review, we detail how the pulmonary system's response to exercise is impacted by
both sex and gender in healthy humans across the lifespan. First, the rationale for why sex …

Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. John Gray used this provocative title for his
book to describe the fundamental psychological differences between the sexes. Many other …

During exercise by healthy mammals, alveolar ventilation and alveolar‐capillary diffusion
increase in proportion to the increase in metabolic rate to prevent PaCO2 from increasing …

The lack of a testable model explaining how ventilation is regulated in different exercise
conditions has been repeatedly acknowledged in the field of exercise physiology. Yet, this …

Key points The oxygen cost of breathing represents a significant fraction of total oxygen
uptake during intense exercise. At a given ventilation, women have a greater work of …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review focuses on sex‐based differences
in the anatomy of the respiratory system, which manifest in mechanical ventilatory contraints …

To determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIT) would increase respiratory
muscle strength and expiratory flow rates more than endurance training (ET), 15 physically …

There is evidence that female athletes may be more susceptible to exercise-induced arterial
hypoxemia and expiratory flow limitation and have greater increases in operational lung …

We sought to determine the relationship between lung size and airway size in men and
women of varying stature. We also asked if men and women matched for lung size would …