This paper discusses the state of European research in historical climatology. This field of
science and an overview of its development are described in detail. Special attention is …

Observed climate change and variability (for definitions, see the IPCC Glossary, Appendix I)
are considered in this chapter by addressing seven commonly asked questions related to …

Climatic changes resulting from greenhouse gases will be superimposed on natural climatic
variations. High-resolution proxy records of past climate can be used to extend our …

Temperature reconstructions from Europe for the past 500 years based on documentary and
instrumental data are analysed. First, the basic documentary data sources, including …

The paper is oriented on social vulnerability to climate in Switzerland and in the Czech
Lands during the early 1770s. Documentary sources of climate related to man-made …

Abstract May-June (MJ) and April-July (AJ) precipitation at Huashan in north-central China
has been reconstructed for the period AD 1600 to 1988 using tree-ring density and width …

In this paper an attempt is made to reconstruct air temperature variations in winter
(December, January and February) from 2500 documentary data over the period ad 750 …

We present the first millennial-length gridded field reconstruction of annual temperature for
China, and analyze the reconstruction for spatiotemporal changes and associated …

We describe the results of a dendroclimatic study in central Japan using ring width data from
living trees of Hinoki cypress. February–April temperatures were reconstructed for the period …

Estimates of the spectrum of natural variability are critical to the problem of detecting an
anthropo genic signal in global climate observations. Without such information it is …