Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective
pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the …

Intercellular communication between cellular compartments within the tumor and at distant
sites is critical for the development and progression of cancer. Exosomes have emerged as …

Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for
tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are on the cusp of regenerative medicine due to their
differentiation capacity, favorable culture conditions, ability to be manipulated in vitro, and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are
secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-limited vesicles and
multi-signal messengers loaded with biomolecules. Exosomes and ectosomes are two …

Exosomes are a subset of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging
from 30 to 100 nm. Exosomes enclose a variety of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and …

Cardiac aging, particularly cardiac cell senescence, is a natural process that occurs as we
age. Heart function gradually declines in old age, leading to continuous heart failure, even in …

Simple Summary Intensive research in the field of cancer biology has discovered a unique
mode of interplay between cells via extracellular bioactive vesicles called exosomes …

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases,
and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in both men and women worldwide due …