In a growing number of galaxy clusters diffuse extended radio sources have been found.
These sources are not directly associated with individual cluster galaxies. The radio …

Observations of the high-redshift Universe with the 21cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen
promise to open an entirely new window onto the early phases of cosmic structure formation …

Clusters of galaxies, as the largest virialized systems in the Universe, are ideal laboratories
to study the formation and evolution of cosmic structures. The luminous matter of clusters …

The origin of the highest energy cosmic rays is still unknown. The discovery of their sources
is expected to reveal the workings of the most energetic astrophysical accelerators in the …

This Voyage 2050 paper highlights the unique science opportunities using spectral
distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). CMB spectral distortions probe …

The energy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) allows us to constrain
episodes of energy release in the early Universe. In this paper, we revisit and refine …

The currently operating X-ray imaging observatories provide us with an exquisitely detailed
view of the Megaparsec-scale plasma atmospheres in nearby galaxy clusters. At z< 0.05, the …

We study the properties of cosmological shock waves identified in high-resolution, N-
body/hydrodynamic simulations of a Λ CDM universe and their role on thermalization of gas …

We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic field
amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy clusters and beyond …

In the early universe, energy stored in small-scale density perturbations is quickly dissipated
by Silk dam**, a process that inevitably generates μ-and y-type spectral distortions of the …