The global burden of neurodegenerative disorders has increased substantially over the past
2 decades due to rising rates of population aging. Although neurodegenerative disorders …

The term organophosphate (OP) refers to a diverse group of chemicals that are found in
hundreds of products worldwide. As pesticides, their most common use, OPs are clearly …

Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenol that is isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma
longa (turmeric). This medicinal compound has different biological activities, including …

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used for controlling pests worldwide. The
inhibitory effects of these pesticides on acetylcholinesterase lead to neurotoxic damages …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The
association between environmental factors (eg, pesticide) and AD has attracted …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neuronal/cognitional dysfunction, leading to
disability and death. Despite advances in revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms …

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a
multifunctional enzyme that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. APE1 is the …

Background Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a classical nuclear
transcription factor that regulates the system's anti-oxidative stress response. The activation …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anti-neoplastic drug,
however; it has downside effects on cardiac health and other vital organs. The herbal …

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an essential transcription factor that
maintains the cell's redox balance state and reduces inflammation in different adverse …