Abstract Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are increasingly complex and frequently integrated
into modern societies via critical infrastructure systems, products, and services …

A fortification game (FG) is a three-level, two-player hierarchical game, also known as
defender-attacker-defender game, in which at the uppermost level, the defender selects …

The proper functioning of any society heavily depends on its critical infrastructures (CIs),
such as power grids, road networks, and water and waste-water systems. These …

Quantifying the relationship between flood control and hydropower generation in reservoir
operation optimization is challenged by both institutional barriers and ill-posedness …

This paper presents a risk-averse tri-level stochastic game-theoretic model between the
defender and the attacker in application to the supply networks. A real supposition is that the …

In this paper, we consider a shortest path network interdiction problem with incomplete
information and multiple levels of interdiction intensity. The evader knows the attacker's …

Fortification-interdiction games are tri-level adversarial games where two opponents act in
succession to protect, disrupt and simply use an infrastructure for a specific purpose. Many …

Implicit enumeration (IE) and Column-and-Constraint Generation (CCG) are two commonly
used methods to solve the tri-level resource allocation of electric grid defense planning …

In contemporary mobile communications markets, various agents or players interact to
pursue welfare. Regulatory policies enacted by governments in certain markets aim to …

This paper examines Mixed-Integer Multi-Level problems with Sequential Followers
(MIMLSF), a specialized optimization model aimed at enhancing upper-level decision …