As the lifetime of regional flux networks approach twenty years, there is a growing number of
papers that have published long term records (5 years or more) of net carbon fluxes …

This review surveys the basic theories, observational methods, satellite algorithms, and land
surface models for terrestrial evapotranspiration, E (or λE, ie, latent heat flux), including a …

With the eddy covariance (EC) technique, net fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other
trace gases as well as water and energy fluxes can be measured at the ecosystem level …

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy
exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and …

Luyssaert et al. 1 reported that unmanaged, old-growth forests continue to sequester
atmospheric carbon (C) at a rate of 2.4±0.8 Mg C ha–1 yr–1 for stand ages exceeding 200 …

Methane (CH 4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH 4
contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude …

The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations since industrialization
is characterized by large interannual variability, mostly resulting from variability in CO2 …

Phenology plays a fundamental role in regulating photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, and
surface energy fluxes and is sensitive to climate change. The global mean surface air …

With the recent advances of the Internet of Things (IoT), innovative techniques, and concepts
have emerged, such as digital twins and industrial 4.0. As one of the essential parts of a …

We upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the
global scale using the machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE). We …