Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance;
however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on fish have …

The mammalian Slc4 (Solute carrier 4) family of transporters is a functionally diverse group
of 10 multi-spanning membrane proteins that includes three Cl-HCO3 exchangers (AE1–3) …

Energy balance is a fundamental requirement of stress adaptation and tolerance. We
explore the links between metabolism, energy balance and stress tolerance using aquatic …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans, causing a
progressive increase in ocean inorganic carbon concentrations and resulting in decreased …

With the occurrence of global change, research aimed at estimating the performance of
marine ectotherms in a warmer and acidified future has intensified. The concept of oxygen …

Ocean warming and acidification occur at global scales and, in the case of temperature,
have already caused shifts in marine ecosystem composition and function. In the case of CO …

Future ocean acidification has the potential to adversely affect many marine organisms. A
growing body of evidence suggests that many species could suffer from reduced fertilization …

Climate change with increasing temperature and ocean acidification (OA) poses risks for
marine ecosystems. According to Pörtner and Farrell [], synergistic effects of elevated …

Carbon dioxide concentrations in the surface ocean are increasing owing to rising CO2
concentrations in the atmosphere. Higher CO2 levels are predicted to affect essential …