Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH 4) budget is important for assessing
realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of …

Understanding the dynamics of methane (CH 4) emissions is of paramount importance
because CH 4 has 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and is …

The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the
extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial …

Although the dramatic climate disruptions of the last glacial period have received
considerable attention, relatively little has been directed toward climate variability in the …

Two deep ice cores from central Greenland, drilled in the 1990s, have played a key role in
climate reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere, but the oldest sections of the cores …

The most prominent Holocene climatic event in Greenland ice-core proxies, with
approximately half the amplitude of the Younger Dryas, occurred∼ 8000 to 8400 yr ago …

The deep polar ice cores provide reference records commonly employed in global
correlation of past climate events. However, temporal divergences reaching up to several …

DEFORESTATION and logging transform more forest in eastern and southern Amazonia
than in any other region of the world1–3. This forest alteration affects regional hydrology4 …

Seabed fluid flow involves the flow of gases and liquids through the seabed. Such fluids
have been found to leak through the seabed into the marine environment in seas and …

Paleohydrological data from the African tropics and subtropics, including lake, groundwater
and speleothem records, are reviewed to show how environments and climates from both …