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Roles of oxidative stress and Nrf2 signaling in pathogenic and non-pathogenic cells: a possible general mechanism of resistance to therapy
The coordinating role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cellular function
is undeniable. Evidence indicates that this transcription factor exerts massive regulatory …
is undeniable. Evidence indicates that this transcription factor exerts massive regulatory …
Are reactive oxygen species always detrimental to pathogens?
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …
Regulation of mammalian autophagy in physiology and pathophysiology
(Macro) autophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long-lived
proteins and organelles. Autophagy is initiated by double-membraned structures, which …
proteins and organelles. Autophagy is initiated by double-membraned structures, which …
Autophagy, immunity, and microbial adaptations
Autophagy adjusts cellular biomass and function in response to diverse stimuli, including
infection. Autophagy plays specific roles in sha** immune system development, fueling …
infection. Autophagy plays specific roles in sha** immune system development, fueling …
Lipid droplets and lipid mediators in viral infection and immunity
Lipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and
pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids …
pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids …
Leishmania and the Macrophage: A Multifaceted Interaction
Leishmania, the causative agent of leishmaniases, is an intracellular parasite of
macrophages, transmitted to humans via the bite of its sand fly vector. This protozoan …
macrophages, transmitted to humans via the bite of its sand fly vector. This protozoan …
Leukocyte lipid bodies—biogenesis and functions in inflammation
Lipid body accumulation within leukocytes is a common feature in both clinical and
experimental infectious, neoplasic and other inflammatory conditions. Here, we will review …
experimental infectious, neoplasic and other inflammatory conditions. Here, we will review …
Untangling autophagy measurements: all fluxed up
Autophagy is an important physiological process in the heart, and alterations in autophagic
activity can exacerbate or mitigate injury during various pathological processes. Methods to …
activity can exacerbate or mitigate injury during various pathological processes. Methods to …
Leishmania repression of host translation through mTOR cleavage is required for parasite survival and infection
The protozoan parasite Leishmania alters the activity of its host cell, the macrophage.
However, little is known about the effect of Leishmania infection on host protein synthesis …
However, little is known about the effect of Leishmania infection on host protein synthesis …
Innate immune responses in leprosy
Leprosy is an infectious disease that may present different clinical forms depending on host
immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Several studies have clarified the role of …
immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Several studies have clarified the role of …