The question of how genetic variation translates into organismal diversity has puzzled
biologists for decades. Despite recent advances in evolutionary and developmental …

Cichlid fishes are hypothesized to encompass several independent adaptive radiations that
display increased diversification rates and impressive ecological heterogeneity. Here, I …

Coral reef fishes represent one of the most spectacularly diverse assemblages of
vertebrates on the planet, but our understanding of their mode of diversification remains …

Background Phenotypic evolution and its role in the diversification of organisms is a central
topic in evolutionary biology. A neglected factor during the modern evolutionary synthesis …

The decreasing cost of acquiring computed tomographic (CT) data has fueled a global effort
to digitize the anatomy of museum specimens. This effort has produced a wealth of open …

Divergent natural selection acting in different habitats may build up barriers to gene flow and
initiate speciation. This speciation continuum can range from weak or no divergence to …

Trade-offs are thought to bias evolution and are core features of many anatomical systems.
Therefore, trade-offs may have far-reaching macroevolutionary consequences, including …

Explanations for the coexistence of many closely related species in inland waters continue
to be generated more than 50 years after Hutchinson's question: why are there so many …

New World livebearing fishes (family Poeciliidae) have repeatedly colonised toxic, hydrogen
sulphide‐rich waters across their natural distribution. Physiological considerations and life …

Innovations can facilitate bursts of diversification by increasing access to novel resources
and the attainment of novel functional designs. Pharyngognathy, exhibited by highly diverse …