More than 800 million people live in proximity to active volcanoes and could be directly
impacted by potential eruptions. Mitigation of future volcanic hazards requires adequate …

Supereruptions are the largest explosive volcanic eruptions on Earth. They generate
catastrophic, widespread ash-fall blankets and voluminous ignimbrites, with accompanying …

We introduce a new approach, based on machine learning, to estimate pre‐eruptive
temperatures and storage depths using clinopyroxene‐melt pairs and clinopyroxene‐only …

The history of mare volcanism critically informs the thermal evolution of the Moon. However,
young volcanic eruptions are poorly constrained by remote observations and limited …

The lunar basalt samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission erupted about 2.0 billion years
ago during the late period of the Moon's secular cooling. The conditions of mantle melting in …

Chemical diversity in convergent margin magmas is a product of igneous differentiation in
crustal hot zones, vertically extensive regions characterised by a low-volume (< 20%) mobile …

Titanium diffusion profiles in quartz crystals are widely applied to constrain the duration of
magmatic processes. However, experimentally determined Ti diffusion coefficients in quartz …

Calderas are depressions formed by some of the largest volcanic eruptions. Their long-lived
inter-eruptive periods are occasionally interrupted by phases of unrest, in which escalating …

Syneruptive magma mixing is widespread in volcanic eruptions, affecting explosivity and
composition of products, but its evidence in basaltic systems is usually cryptic. Here we …

Volcanic ash emissions impact atmospheric processes, depositional ecosystems, human
health, and global climate. These effects are sensitive to the size and composition of the ash; …