Implantable biosensors are valuable scientific tools for basic neuroscience research and
clinical applications. Neurotechnologies provide direct readouts of neurological signal and …

The central nervous system is lined by meninges, classically known as dura, arachnoid, and
pia mater. We show the existence of a fourth meningeal layer that compartmentalizes the …

Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy is one of the main tools used to image subcellular
structures in living cells. Yet for decades it has been applied primarily to in vitro model …

INTRODUCTION Astrocytes translate incoming information and generate functional outputs
via Ca2+ signaling. Thereby, they respond to neuronal activity, producing downstream …

In age-related neurodegenerative diseases, pathology often develops slowly across the
lifespan. As one example, in diseases such as Alzheimer's, vascular decline is believed to …

Background Two-photon microscopy has enabled the visualization of dynamic tissue
changes to injury and disease in vivo. While this technique has provided powerful new …

Cortical neural activities lead to changes in the cerebral blood flow (CBF), which involves
astrocytic control of cerebrovascular tone. However, the manner in which astrocytic activity …

Highlights•Astrocytes form large-scale, gap junction-coupled networks throughout the
CNS.•Astrocytes exhibit cell-intrinsic and neurotransmitter-evoked calcium excitability.•The …

Oligodendrocytes and their precursors are critical glial facilitators of neurophysiology, which
is responsible for cognition and behavior. Devices that are used to interface with the brain …

Stroke usually affects people with underlying medical conditions. In particular, diabetics are
significantly more likely to have a stroke and the prognosis for recovery is poor. Because …