Bile acids are soluble derivatives of cholesterol produced in the liver that subsequently
undergo bacterial transformation yielding a diverse array of metabolites. The bulk of bile …

Vitamin A is a group of vital micronutrients widely present in the human diet. Animal-based
products are a rich source of the retinyl ester form of the vitamin, while vegetables and fruits …

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma, contributing actively to
oncotic pressure maintenance and fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA acts …

Plastics are complex chemical mixtures of polymers and various intentionally and
nonintentionally added substances. Despite the well-established links between certain …

Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is a monomeric multi-
domain macromolecule, representing the main determinant of plasma oncotic pressure and …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Immortalized hepatocyte cell lines show only a weak resemblance to primary hepatocytes in
terms of gene expression and function, limiting their value in predicting drug-induced liver …

Bisphenols are a group of chemicals structurally similar to bisphenol-A (BPA) in current use
as the primary raw material in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. Some …

Several commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)—including phenobarbital,
phenytoin, and carbamazepine—stimulate the synthesis of a broad range of …

Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been associated with serious endocrine-disrupting effects
in humans and wildlife. Toxicological and epidemiological studies evidenced that BPA …