An increasing number of cognitive, neurobiological, and computational models have been
proposed in the last decade, seeking to explain how humans allocate physical or cognitive …

The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and especially the anterior cingulate cortex
has been the subject of intense debate for the last decade. A number of theories have been …

Abstract Changes in response contingencies require adjusting ones assumptions about
outcomes of behaviors. Such adaptation processes are driven by reward prediction error …

Anticipating a potential benefit and how difficult it will be to obtain it are valuable skills in a
constantly changing environment. In the human brain, the anticipation of reward is encoded …

In the last two decades the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has become one of the most
investigated areas of the brain. Extensive neuroimaging evidence suggests countless …

Optimal decision-making is based on integrating information from several dimensions of
decisional space (eg, reward expectation, cost estimation, effort exertion). Despite …

Adaptive behavior in a changing world requires flexibly adapting one's rate of learning to the
rate of environmental change. Recent studies have examined the computational …

Safety assessment and threat evaluation are crucial for animals to live and survive in the
wilderness. However, neural circuits underlying safety assessment and their transformation …

I review recent literature on information demand and its implications for attention control. I
argue that this literature motivates a view of attention as a mechanism that reduces …

Abstract “Cognitive control” describes endogenous guidance of behavior in situations where
routine stimulus-response associations are suboptimal for achieving a desired goal. The …