By its very nature, the second law of thermodynamics is probabilistic, in that its formulation
requires a probabilistic description of the state of a system. This raises questions about the …

Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Enzymatic activity can induce
broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. This molecular scale breaking of detailed …

The inference of thermodynamic quantities from the description of an only partially
accessible physical system is a central challenge in stochastic thermodynamics. A common …

We expand the standard thermodynamic framework of a system coupled to a thermal
reservoir by considering a stream of independently prepared units repeatedly put into …

Interpreting partial information collected from systems subject to noise is a key problem
across scientific disciplines. Theoretical frameworks often focus on the dynamics of variables …

For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in
particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical …

For a general thermodynamic system described as a Markov process, we prove a general
lower bound for dissipation in terms of the square of the heat current, thus establishing that …

We consider the speed limit for classical stochastic Markov processes with and without the
local detailed balance condition. We find that, for both cases, a trade-off inequality exists …

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are the inequalities which give lower bounds
on the entropy production rate using only the mean and the variance of fluctuating currents …

Entropy production characterizes the thermodynamic irreversibility and reflects the amount
of heat dissipated into the environment and free energy lost in nonequilibrium systems …