In recent years, sensory neuroscientists have made major efforts to dissect the structure and
function of ribbon synapses which process sensory information in the eye and ear. This …

Light-evoked voltage responses of rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina
must be converted to a train of synaptic vesicle release events for transmission to …

Cells assemble macromolecular complexes into scaffoldings that serve as substrates for
catalytic processes. Years of molecular neurobiology research indicate that …

Neurons face unique transport challenges. They need to deliver cargo over long axonal
distances and to many presynaptic nerve terminals. Rab GTPases are master regulators of …

Rod photoreceptors (PRs) use ribbon synapses to transmit visual information. To signal 'no
light detected'they release glutamate continually to activate post-synaptic receptors. When …

Synapses in the outer retina are the first information relay points in vision. Here,
photoreceptors form synapses onto two types of interneurons, bipolar cells and horizontal …

The sense of vision begins in the retina, where light is detected and processed through a
complex series of synaptic connections into meaningful information relayed to the brain via …

Rab-interacting molecule (RIM)-binding protein 2 (BP2) is a multidomain protein of the
presynaptic active zone (AZ). By binding to RIM, bassoon (Bsn), and voltage-gated Ca 2+ …

Rod photoreceptor synapses use large, ribbon-type active zones for continuous synaptic
transmission during light and dark. Since ribbons are physically connected to the active …

The presynaptic compartment of the chemical synapse is a small, yet extremely complex
structure. Considering its size, most methods of optical microscopy are not able to resolve its …