Vehicle routing problems have been the focus of extensive research over the past sixty
years, driven by their economic importance and their theoretical interest. The diversity of …

The increasing rate at which goods ranging from food products to electronic products are
consumed has led to rapidly increasing waste worldwide. This huge amount of waste poses …

The inventory-routing problem (IRP) dates back 30 years. It can be described as the
combination of vehicle-routing and inventory management problems, in which a supplier …

In the e‐commerce era, vendors have to satisfy a large number of on‐line orders, mainly
from private customers, with low weight and volume, reduced delivery time, and overlap of …

The accelerated movement of people towards cities led to the fact that the world's urban
population is now growing by 60-million persons per year. The increased number of cities' …

Waste collection is nowadays an increasingly important business. However, it is often an
inefficient operation due to the high uncertainty associated with the real waste bins' fill …

The periodic vehicle routing problem (PVRP) first appeared in 1974 in a paper about
garbage collection (Beltrami and Bodin, Networks 4 (1974), 65–74). The wide applicability …

Increasing concerns on supply chain sustainability have given birth to the concept of closed-
loop supply chain. Closed-loop supply chains include the return processes besides forward …

Blood shortage may lead to immeasurable losses. But the perishable nature of blood
products limits the possibility of storing a large amount of it, and the quality of blood products …

Supply and distribution management of blood products is a challenging task due to their
short lifespan. The problem is even more sophisticated considering uncertain demand for …