Patients with a diverse spectrum of rare genetic disorders can present with inflammatory
bowel disease (monogenic IBD). Patients with these disorders often develop symptoms …

B cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Once generated, they
serve multiple roles in immune regulation and host defense. However, their most important …

Cpdm (chronic proliferative dermatitis) mice develop chronic dermatitis and an
immunodeficiency with increased serum IgM,,, symptoms that resemble those of patients …

Bacteria colonize the intestine shortly after birth and thereafter exert several beneficial
functions, including induction of protective immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. The distal …

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases confers predisposition to clinical disease
caused by weakly virulent mycobacterial species in otherwise healthy individuals. Since …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) have TIR intracellular
domains that engage two main signaling pathways, via the TIR-containing adaptors MyD88 …

The dimeric transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) functions broadly in coordinating
cellular responses during inflammation and immune reactions, and its importance in the …

Immunological memory is the phenomenon whereby B and T cells have the unique ability to
respond with heightened kinetics and efficacy to subsequent encounter with Ag relative to …

Immune-inflammatory conditions in the central nervous system (CNS) rely on molecular and
cellular interactions which are homeostatically maintained to protect neural tissue from …

Animals contain an enormous load of non‐pathogenic bacteria in the lower intestine, which
exploit an environment with a stable temperature and abundant carbon sources. Our load of …