Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

This is a review about the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), its mean
structure, temporal variability, controlling mechanisms, and role in the coupled climate …

Climate projections suggest a weakening or collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation (AMOC) under global warming, with evidence that a slowdown is already …

Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4. 0 physical climate
model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this …

The present paper addresses driving mechanisms of global monsoon (GM) variability and
outstanding issues in GM science. This is the second synthesis of the PAGES GM Working …

Due to their outstanding resolution and well-constrained chronologies, Greenland ice-core
records provide a master record of past climatic changes throughout the Last Interglacial …

The Younger Dryas (YD), arguably the most widely studied millennial-scale extreme climate
event, was characterized by diverse hydroclimate shifts globally and severe cooling at high …

Rainfall on Earth is most intense in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), a narrow belt
of clouds centred on average around six degrees north of the Equator. The mean position of …

Abstract Purpose of Review The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a planetary-scale
band of heavy precipitation close to the equator. Here, we consider the response of the ITCZ …

Future changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ; a narrow band of
heavy precipitation in the tropics) with climate change could affect the livelihood and food …