Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) deals with retrieving relevant documents in one
language using queries expressed in another language. As CLIR tools rely on translation …

In the past several years, Arabic Information Retrieval (IR) has garnered significant attention.
The main research interests have focused on retrieval of formal language, mostly in the …

This paper presents a wide literature review of natural language processing for dialectical
Arabic. Four main research areas were identified and the dialect coverage in research work …

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence has led to the development of sophisticated
cutting-edge systems in natural language processing and computational linguistics …

English is an international language used for communication worldwide but still many
cannot read, write, understand, or communicate in English. On the other hand, the World …

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technologies have revolutionized language education,
providing new opportunities to enhance sociolinguistic awareness and Arabic language …

Slang language has become the most used language in the most countries. It has almost
become the first language in the social media, websites and daily conversations. Moreover …