Genetic degeneration is an extraordinary feature of sex chromosomes, with the loss of
functions of Y-linked genes in species with XY systems, and W-linked genes in ZW systems …

Chromosomes are a central unit of genome organization. One-tenth of all described species
on Earth are butterflies and moths, the Lepidoptera, which generally possess 31 …

Sex chromosomes can differ between species as a result of evolutionary turnover, a process
that can be driven by evolution of the sex determination pathway. Canonical models of sex …

Karyotypes are generally conserved between closely related species and large
chromosome rearrangements typically have negative fitness consequences in …

Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) usually have a pair of differentiated WZ sex
chromosomes. However, in most lineages outside of the division Ditrysia, as well as in the …

Eukaryotic chromosomes have phylogenetic persistence. In many taxa, each chromosome
has a single functional centromere with essential roles in spindle attachment and …

The karyotype of most birds has remained considerably stable during more than 100 million
years' evolution, except for some groups, such as parrots. The evolutionary processes and …

Chromosome evolution presents an enigma in the mega-diverse Lepidoptera. Most species
exhibit constrained chromosome evolution with nearly identical haploid chromosome counts …

Mechanisms of sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) differ strikingly among
animals. In Drosophila flies, chromosome-wide transcription is doubled from the single X …

The rateof divergence for Z or X chromosomes is usually observed to be greater than
autosomes, but the proposed evolutionary causes for this pattern vary, as do empirical …