Muscle necrosis is a potential clinical complication of snakebite envenomings, which in
severe cases can lead to functional or physical sequelae such as disability or amputation …

Abstract Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are abundant components in snake venoms, which
play important toxic roles. This review focuses on group II PLA2s endowed with myotoxic …

We describe two geographically differentiated venom phenotypes across the wide
distribution range of Bothrops atrox, from the Colombian Magdalena Medio Valley through …

Jellyfish Stomolophus meleagris is a very dangerous animal because of its strong toxicity.
However, the composition of the venom is still unclear. Both proteomics and transcriptomics …

Two subtypes of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) with the ability to induce myonecrosis,'Asp49'
and 'Lys49'myotoxins, often coexist in viperid snake venoms. Since the latter lack catalytic …

We report a genus-wide comparison of venom proteome variation across New World pit
vipers in the genus Agkistrodon. Despite the wide variety of habitats occupied by this genus …

There is an urgent need to strengthen the implementation of the 3Rs principle
(Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) in the use of experimental animals in …

This article reviews mass spectrometry methods in forensic toxicology for the identification
and quantification of drugs of abuse in biological fluids, tissues, and synthetic samples …

Background: Snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) have been reported to induce
myotoxic, neurotoxic, hemolytic, edematogenic, cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects. This …

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are important toxins found in many snake venoms, and
they can exhibit a variety of toxic activities including causing hemolysis and/or …