The study of the electrochemical catalyst conversion of renewable electricity and carbon
oxides into chemical fuels attracts a great deal of attention by different researchers. The …

Electrified vehicles provide an effective solution to address the unfavorable impacts of fossil
fuel use in the transportation sector. Energy management strategy (EMS) is the core …

The over-actuated characteristics of distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs) provide a
flexible platform to pursue higher holistic performance. This article proposes a dual-model …

The underlying control in the hybrid energy source system (HESS) of an electric vehicle (EV)
plays a pivotal role. Uncertainty is unavoidable in system modeling owing to variations in …

The proliferation of eco-friendly electric vehicles is becoming an irresistible trend. As
governments worldwide tighten regulations on fuel efficiency and exhaust gas, the position …

Cooperative on-ramp merging control for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can
effectively improve traffic throughput and vehicle fuel efficiency at highway on-ramp merging …

Energy management strategies (EMSs) are essential for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), as
they can further exploit the potential of HEVs to save energy and reduce emissions …

The series hybrid transmission (SHT) and series-parallel hybrid transmission (SPHT) have
become an important development direction in the field of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in …

The environmental concerns and reduction in fossil fuels have become a major concern due
to which a large number of electric and hybrid vehicles are being built to minimize the …

This paper presents a comprehensive review of energy management systems for hybrid
electric vehicles with a focus on rule-based and reinforcement learning-based techniques …