The origin of plastids (chloroplasts) by endosymbiosis stands as one of the most important
events in the history of eukaryotic life. The genetic, biochemical, and cell biological …

Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes form a clade called Rouphozoa. Representatives of both
taxa are main components of meiofaunal communities, but their role in the trophic ecology of …

Cell‐in‐shell biohybrid structures, synthesized by encapsulating individual living cells with
exogenous materials, have emerged as exciting functional entities for engineered living …

Background Microbial symbioses in marine invertebrates are commonplace. However,
characterizations of invertebrate microbiomes are vastly outnumbered by those of …

Kleptoplasty, the process by which a host organism sequesters and retains algal
chloroplasts, is relatively common in protists. The origin of the plastid varies, as do the length …

Despite the immense progress in genetics and cell biology, major knowledge gaps remain
with respect to prediction and control of the global morphologies that will result from the …

Mixotrophy, ie, the capability of both phototrophy and phagotrophy within a single organism,
is a prominent trophic mode in aquatic ecosystems. Mixotrophic strategies can be highly …

Some sea slugs are able to steal functional chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) from their algal food
sources, but the role and relevance of photosynthesis to the animal host remain …

Sacoglossan sea slugs are able to maintain functional chloroplasts inside their own cells,
and mechanisms that allow preservation of the chloroplasts are unknown. We found that the …

In mammalian cells, signalling pathways orchestrate cellular growth, differentiation and
survival, as well as many other processes that are essential for the proper functioning of …