Simple Summary The objective of this review is to provide readers with a state-of-the-art
description of the main factors affecting farmed fish pathologies and its diagnoses. A special …

Infectious diseases are a burden for aquaculture. Antigen processing and presentation
(APP) to the immune effector cells that fight pathogens is key in the adaptive immune …

As filter-feeding bivalves, mussels have been traditionally studied as possible vectors of
different bacterial or viral pathogens. The absence of a known viral pathogen in these …

Tilapia tilapinevirus (or tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is a recently emerging virus associated with a
novel disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations around the world. Since its initial …

Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD) caused by tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a lethality truculence
viral disease endangering the sustainable development of tilapia aquaculture. DNA vaccine …

Erythrocyte enucleation is thought to have evolved in mammals to support their energetic
cost of high metabolic activities. However, birds face similar selection pressure yet possess …

Although cell membrane-coated nanoparticles are widely used as a promising nanodelivery
platform, a few studies reported their application in develo** the teleost nanovaccine …

Aim To identify the physiological role of the acid‐base sensing enzyme, soluble adenylyl
cyclase (sAC), in red blood cells (RBC) of the model teleost fish, rainbow trout. Methods We …

Introduction Fish nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, play a
crucial role in maintaining immune system balance by modulating protein expression in …

Unlike mammalian red blood cells (RBCs), fish RBCs are nucleated and thus capable of
gene expression. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a species of marine fish with …