Background The evidence on exposure to transportation noise and development of
hypertension is inconclusive, mostly because of a lack of high quality studies of longitudinal …

Objectives: This study evaluated the incidence and risk factors for progression from
prehypertension to hypertension among middle-aged and elderly Korean adults. Methods: A …

We aimed to identify and validate factors related to uncontrolled hypertension. Participants
treated with at least one antihypertensive drug from the prospective contemporaneous …

Background Cigarette smoking is one of the most important behavioral risk factors for
chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in cigarette …

METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design. It included 730 high school male
students (Grades 10–12) recruited through multistage random sampling conducted in 2017 …

Background: The effect of concurrent cigarette and waterpipe (ie both) smoking on
cardiovascular function is still a scarce, especially among adolescents. Objective: Therefore …

Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for chronic and atherosclerotic vascular disease
that causes preventable considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study is aimed …

Background There has been a comparative decline in tobacco consumption; however, India
still has the highest number of tobacco consumers in terms of absolute numbers. Objective …

This study aims to investigate the current prevalence of smoking, socioeconomic inequality,
and main determinants of it among Iranian≥ 60 years in 2017. The data of Iranian Rural and …

The joint effects between smoke exposure (SE) and physical activity (PA) on hypertension
are still unclear, and the effect of SE is still debated. To explore associations and joint effects …