When a phenological shift affects a demographic vital rate such as survival or reproduction,
the altered vital rate may or may not have population-level consequences. We review the …

The greatest impacts of climate change on ecosystems, wildlife and humans often arise from
extreme events rather than changes in climatic means. Northern high latitudes, including the …

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation
determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It …

A major challenge for advancing our understanding of the functional role of soil microbial
communities is to link changes in their structure and function under climate change. To …

Global climate warming may induce a positive feedback through increasing soil carbon (C)
release to the atmosphere. Although warming can affect both C input to and output from soil …

Winter is a key driver of individual performance, community composition, and ecological
interactions in terrestrial habitats. Although climate change research tends to focus on …

Macroclimatic variation along latitudinal gradients provides an excellent natural laboratory to
investigate the role of temperature and the potential impacts of climate warming on terrestrial …

NOAA's recent assessment of Arctic greenness has reported a remarkable finding: the Arctic
is browning (Epstein et al., 2015). Whilst a clear greening trend has been apparent for most …

Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last
decade, described the observed and potential impacts of climate change as well as other …

We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to
climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution …