The Arctic sea-ice-scape is rapidly transforming. Increasing light penetration will initiate
earlier seasonal primary production. This earlier growing season may be accompanied by …

More food and energy allow for more people who then require more food and energy, and
so it has gone for centuries. At the same time, economic progress leads to a different lifestyle …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Short‑lived climate forcers (SLCFs) affect climate and are, in most cases, also air pollutants.
They include aerosols (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, mineral dust …

Ammonia, a molecule that is gaining more interest as a fueling vector, has been considered
as a candidate to power transport, produce energy, and support heating applications for …

Global agriculture puts heavy pressure on planetary boundaries, posing the challenge to
achieve future food security without compromising Earth system resilience. On the basis of …

Input–output estimates of nitrogen on cropland are essential for improving nitrogen
management and better understanding the global nitrogen cycle. Here, we compare 13 …

Although the existence of a large carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems is well-established,
the drivers of this sink remain uncertain. It has been suggested that perturbations to forest …

Afforestation and reforestation projects in the karst regions of southwest China aim to
combat desertification and improve the ecological environment. However, it remains unclear …

Net primary production (NPP) is the foundation of the oceans' ecosystems and the fisheries
they support. In the Arctic Ocean, NPP is controlled by a complex interplay of light and …