Males in many species invest substantially in structures that are used in combat with rivals
over access to females. These weapons can attain extreme proportions and have diversified …

Integration and modularity refer to the patterns and processes of trait interaction and
independence. Both terms have complex histories with respect to both conceptualization …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

Many male animals wield ornaments or weapons of exaggerated proportions. We propose
that increased cellular sensitivity to signaling through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor …

Morphological allometry refers to patterns of covariance between body parts resulting from
variation in body size. Whether measured during growth (ontogenetic allometry), among …

When it comes to fitting simple allometric slopes through measurement data, evolutionary
biologists have been torn between regression methods. On the one hand, there is the …

Male genitalia show patterns of divergent evolution, and sexual selection is recognised as
being responsible for this taxonomically widespread phenomenon. Much of the empirical …

Morphological traits often covary within and among species according to simple power laws
referred to as allometry. Such allometric relationships may result from common growth …

One of the most pervasive ideas in the sexual selection literature is the belief that sexually
selected traits almost universally exhibit positive static allometries (ie, within a sample of …

Exaggerated male traits that have evolved under sexual selection include ornaments to
attract mates and weapons to deter rivals. Data from studies of many such traits in diverse …