Architectural spatial layout planning using artificial intelligence

J Ko, B Ennemoser, W Yoo, W Yan… - Automation in Construction, 2023 - Elsevier
Spatial layout planning in architecture requires a deep understanding of topological spatial
relationships, yet the process remains repetitive and laborious for designers. However …

PPFGED: Federated learning for graphic element detection with privacy preservation in multi-source substation drawings

R **e, Z Chen, C Wu, T Li - Expert Systems with Applications, 2024 - Elsevier
In digital recognition of substation drawings, a significant challenge is how to accurately
detect complex graphic elements in each drawing. Existing detection schemes often operate …