Deep-ocean polymetallic nodules form on or just below the vast, sediment-covered, abyssal
plains of the global ocean. Polymetallic nodules primarily consist of precipitated iron …

The review covers the development and the state of the art in deep-sea mining rock
mechanics, equipment and challenges. It begins by introducing the significance of deep-sea …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

This Review focuses on whether the emerging industry of deep-seabed mining aligns with
the sustainable development agenda. We cover motivations for deep-seabed mining …

Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing
acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food …

A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified
ecosystems can have co‐benefits for both climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation …

Although most deep-sea areas are remote in comparison to coastal zones, a growing body
of literature indicates that many sensitive ecosystems could be under increased stress from …

Deep-sea mining may be just a few years away and yet society is struggling to assess the
positive aspects, such as increasing the supply of metals for battery production to fuel the …

Slurry pumps have played a significant role in the technical framework of deep-sea mining
system. In recent years, different forms of slurry pumps have been developed for slurry …

In the context of a climate crisis and accelerating green transition, companies are scrambling
to secure supply over the coming decades, including through artisanal mining (ASM) and …