Bacteriophage T4 is the most well-studied member of Myoviridae, the most complex family of
tailed phages. T4 assembly is divided into three independent pathways: the head, the tail …

Since the study of the molecular nature of the life cycle of double-stranded DNA
bacteriophages began, the problem of how the chromosome is condensed into the virion …

Thin vitrified layers of unfixed, unstained and unsupported virus suspensions can be
prepared for observation by cryo-electron microscopy in easily controlled conditions. The …

The head of bacteriophage T4 is a prolate icosahedron with one unique portal vertex to
which the phage tail is attached. The three-dimensional structure of mature bacteriophage …

Many of the 200 or so non-protein amino acids synthesized by higher plants are related
structurally to the constituents of common proteins. L-Canavanine, the guanidinooxy …

We present the first three-dimensional reconstruction of a prolate, tailed phage, and its
empty prohead precursor by cryo-electron microscopy. The head–tail connector, the central …

The introduction of the use of T-even bacteriophages as genetic and biochemical
experimental systems by Max Delbriick in the late 1930s has led to the intense study of …

We have made quantitative estimates of some of the energetic factors to be considered in
packaging of double‐stranded DNA in virus particles. Numerical calculations were made …

Large icosahedral viruses that infect bacteria represent an extreme of the coevolution of
capsids and the genomes they accommodate. One subset of these large viruses is the …

Biological supramolecular structures such as flagella, microtubules, ribosomes, as well as
viruses are composed of low-molecular-weight protein subunits. In some cases, the subunits …