The importance of gene duplication in supplying raw genetic material to biological evolution
has been recognized since the 1930s. Recent genomic sequence data provide substantial …

Objectives Completion of both the mouse and human genome sequences in the private and
public sectors has prompted comparison between the two species at multiple levels. This …

Only a small proportion of the mouse genome is transcribed into mature messenger RNA
transcripts. There is an international collaborative effort to identify all full-length mRNA …

Genome data have revealed great variation in the numbers of genes in different organisms,
which indicates that there is a fundamental process of genome evolution: the origin of new …

To initiate studies on how protein-protein interaction (or “interactome”) networks relate to
multicellular functions, we have mapped a large fraction of the Caenorhabditis elegans …

The sequence of chromosome 21 was a turning point for the understanding of Down
syndrome. Comparative genomics is beginning to identify the functional components of the …

Elucidating the transcribed regions of the genome constitutes a fundamental aspect of
human biology, yet this remains an outstanding problem. To comprehensively identify …

Do non-coding RNAs that are derived from the introns and exons of protein-coding and non-
protein-coding genes represent a fundamental advance in the genetic operating system of …

The central dogma of biology holds that genetic information normally flows from DNA to RNA
to protein. As a consequence it has been generally assumed that genes generally code for …

The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in
bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate …