Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800
sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our …

The plastome of land plants is often considered to be highly conserved in sequence,
structure, and content. This is particularly true for nonvascular land plants, for which few …

Bacterial cytidine deaminase fused to the DNA binding domains of transcription activator-
like effector nucleases was recently reported to transiently substitute a targeted C to a T in …

Abstract Background The genus Zingiber of the Zingiberaceae is distributed in tropical,
subtropical, and in Far East Asia. This genus contains about 100–150 species, with many …

Background Paphiopedilum is the largest genus of slipper orchids. Previous studies showed
that the phylogenetic relationships of this genus are not well resolved, and sparse taxon …

The Caryophyllales includes 40 families and 12,500 species, representing a large and
diverse clade of angiosperms. Collectively, members of the clade grow on all continents and …

Traditional phylogenies inferred from chloroplast DNA fragments have not obtained a well‐
resolved evolutionary history for the backbone of Apioideae, the largest subfamily of …

Mitochondrial and plastid genomes in land plants exhibit some of the slowest rates of
sequence evolution observed in any eukaryotic genome, suggesting an exceptional ability …

Abstract Background Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a recognized health-food, and the contributions
of its different candidate A-genome progenitor species remain inconclusive. Here, we report …

Chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) in angiosperms are usually highly conserved. Although
rearrangements have been observed in some lineages, such as Passiflora, the mechanisms …