A survey of architectural approaches for managing embedded DRAM and non-volatile on-chip caches

S Mittal, JS Vetter, D Li - IEEE Transactions on Parallel and …, 2014 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Recent trends of CMOS scaling and increasing number of on-chip cores have led to a large
increase in the size of on-chip caches. Since SRAM has low density and consumes large …

Spin-transfer torque memories: Devices, circuits, and systems

X Fong, Y Kim, R Venkatesan, SH Choday… - Proceedings of the …, 2016 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Spin-transfer torque magnetic memory (STT-MRAM) has gained significant research interest
due to its nonvolatility and zero standby leakage, near unlimited endurance, excellent …

Energy-aware adaptive restore schemes for MLC STT-RAM cache

X Chen, N Khoshavi, RF DeMara… - IEEE Transactions …, 2016 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
For the sake of higher cell density while achieving near-zero standby power, recent research
progress in Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) devices has leveraged Multi-Level Cell …

Energy-efficient runtime adaptable L1 STT-RAM cache design

K Kuan, T Adegbija - … on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Much research has shown that applications have variable runtime cache requirements. In
the context of the increasingly popular spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) cache, the …

HALLS: An energy-efficient highly adaptable last level STT-RAM cache for multicore systems

K Kuan, T Adegbija - IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is widely considered a promising alternative to
SRAM in the memory hierarchy due to STT-RAM's non-volatility, low leakage power, high …

Optimization-based power and thermal management for dark silicon aware 3D chip multiprocessors using heterogeneous cache hierarchy

A Asad, O Ozturk, M Fathy… - Microprocessors and …, 2017 - Elsevier
Management of a problem recently known as “dark silicon” is a new challenge in multicore
designs. Prior innovative studies have addressed the dark silicon problem in the fields of …

3M-PCM: Exploiting multiple write modes MLC phase change main memory in embedded systems

C Pan, M **e, J Hu, Y Chen, C Yang - Proceedings of the 2014 …, 2014 - dl.acm.org
Multi-level Cell (MLC) Phase Change Memory (PCM) has many attractive features to be
used as main memory for embedded systems. These features include low power, high …

CAPMIG: Coherence-aware block placement and migration in multiretention STT-RAM caches

SS Manohar, HK Kapoor - IEEE Transactions on Computer …, 2022 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
In recent years, the increased working set size of applications craves more memory demand
in terms of large-sized last-level caches (LLCs). To fulfill this, one of the promising …

Volatile STT-RAM scratchpad design and data allocation for low energy

G Rodríguez, J Touriño, MT Kandemir - ACM Transactions on …, 2014 - dl.acm.org
On-chip power consumption is one of the fundamental challenges of current technology
scaling. Cache memories consume a sizable part of this power, particularly due to leakage …

LARS: Logically adaptable retention time STT-RAM cache for embedded systems

K Kuan, T Adegbija - 2018 Design, Automation & Test in …, 2018 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
STT-RAMs have been studied as a promising alternative to SRAMs in embedded systems'
caches and main memories. STT-RAMs are attractive due to their low leakage power and …