The deep sea (> 200 m depth) encompasses> 95% of the world's ocean volume and
represents the largest and least explored biome on Earth (< 0.0001% of ocean surface), yet …

In just four decades, hundreds of hydrothermal vent fields have been discovered, widely
distributed along tectonic plate boundaries on the ocean floor. Vent invertebrate biomass …

Free-living nematodes, an ancient animal phylum of unsegmented microscopic
roundworms, have successfully adapted to nearly every ecosystem on Earth: from marine …

Species within the genus Alcanivorax are well known hydrocarbon-degraders that
propagate quickly in oil spills and natural oil seepage. They are also inhabitants of the deep …

It was once believed that only microbes and viruses inhabited the subseafloor crust beneath
hydrothermal vents. Yet, on the seafloor, animals like the giant tubeworm Riftia pachyptila …

Ecosystems are often modelled as food webs or ecological networks, which map energy
flows between species or functional groups. While there are multiple sources of uncertainty …

Ecosystem modeling is a popular technique to incorporate the direct and indirect
interactions of all ecosystem components within a simulation. However, these models are …

Deep sea is the largest and likely the most biologically diverse ecosystem of the world, but it
is also the most unknown. The Mediterranean Sea (< 1% of the ocean surface and contains …

Highly specialised biota occurring at hydrothermally active vents on the northern Mid-
Atlantic Ridge (nMAR: from south of Iceland to the Equator) have been the subject of …

Single‐celled microbial eukaryotes inhabit deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments and
play critical ecological roles in the vent‐associated microbial food web. 18S rRNA amplicon …