In humans, there are large individual differences in the levels of vagal modulation of resting
heart rate (HR). High levels are a recognized index of cardiac health, whereas low levels are …

Maintenance of homeostasis in normal or stressful situations depends upon mechanisms
controlling autonomic activity. Central requirement for changes in sympathetic output …

The cuneiform nucleus (CUN) is a midbrain structure located lateral to the caudal part of the
periaqueductal gray. In the present investigation, we first performed a systematic analysis of …

The connections of the lateral hypothalamic area juxtadorsomedial region (LHAjd) were
investigated in a series of pathway‐tracing experiments involving iontophoretic co‐injection …

Studies involving genetic engineering on animal models and mathematical analysis of
cardiovascular signals on humans are shedding new light on the interactions between the …

Evolutionary conservation of the hypothalamus attests to its critical role in the control of
fundamental behaviors. However, our knowledge of hypothalamic connections is …

Key points• Anxiety disorders reduce both the heart rate variability (HRV) and the sensitivity
of the cardiac baroreflex (BRS). This may lead to sudden cardiac death.• To elucidate the …

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for the development of several cardiovascular diseases.
As the global prevalence of hypertension increases, so too has the recognition of resistant …

The parvafox nucleus is an elongated structure that is lodged within the ventrolateral
hypothalamus and lies along the optic tract. It comprises axially located parvalbumin (Parv) …

Connections between the midbrain dorsolateral periaqueductal grey (dlPAG) and the
pontine A5 region have been shown. The stimulation of both regions evokes similar …