The building sector accounts for approximately 40% of total global energy usage. Energy
consumption for space heating and cooling makes up 60% of the total consumed energy in …

As the preferred medium for tunnel energy storage system (TESS), lithium-ion batteries
(LIBs) are widely used in tunnel lighting, ventilation, fire protection, monitoring, and …

In order to investigate the effect of strong environmental wind on a tunnel fire under natural
ventilation, a series of numerical simulations were conducted using large eddy simulation …

Numerical simulations were carried out to study the smoke behaviors induced by fires in
inclined tunnels with different slopes and the upstream maximum temperatures along the …

A series of simulations are conducted in a full scale road tunnel to explore the effect of
ambient pressure on smoke movement and temperature distribution in tunnel fires. Once a …

Thermal-driven smoke flow is the greatest threat to the trapped people in tunnels, and the
basic understanding of the smoke transport characteristics is necessary for the engineering …

When a fire occurs in an inclined tunnel, the tunnel inlet air velocity induced by the stack
effect will help to prevent the smoke backflow. This work presents numerical studies on the …

A method and a thorough demonstration combining supercomputing and machine learning
(ML) were proposed to help quickly predict the spread of fire smoke in mine tunnels. 1000 …

This paper studies the overall smoke control of natural ventilation systems with vertical
shafts during fires in a common road tunnel by numerical modelling. The variables studied …

The tunnel is a typical underground building. Estimating the heat released by the fire
sources to the surrounding environment, as well as providing rapid emergency response …