The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or
behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and …

The discovery that an individual may be constrained, and even behave sub‐optimally,
because of its personality type has fundamental implications for understanding individual‐to …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis specifies that closely related species or
populations experiencing different ecological conditions should differ in a suite of metabolic …

Ecology Letters (2012) Abstract Interspecific trait variation has long served as a conceptual
foundation for our understanding of ecological patterns and dynamics. In particular …

The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis predicts that individual differences in behavior should
integrate with morphological, physiological, and life-history traits along a slow to fast pace-of …

Pollutants, and more generally, environmental stressors, are a neglected source of
behavioral and cognitive variations in wild populations. Based on recent literature in fish, we …

Recent studies in the field of behavioural ecology have revealed intriguing variation in
behaviour within single populations. Increasing evidence suggests that individual animals …

A co** style (also termed behavioural syndrome or personality) is defined as a correlated
set of individual behavioural and physiological characteristics that is consistent over time …

Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and its
ecological and evolutionary significance, but have mostly ignored questions about its …

Habitat fragmentation, an important element of current global change, has profound
repercussions on population and species extinction. Landscape fragmentation reduces …