Recent decades have seen the rapid expansion of scholarship that identifies societal
responses to past climatic fluctuations. This fast-changing scholarship, which was recently …

Modern-day flood management has evolved into a variety of flood management alternatives.
The selection of appropriate flood measures is crucial under a variety of flood management …

Understanding climate variability across interannual to centennial timescales is critical, as it
encompasses the natural range of climate fluctuations that early human agricultural …

A few years ago, I began to think about writing a “small book on a large subject,” to quote
one of the great economists of the 20th century. 1 The end result is larger and a little different …

The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE triggered a power struggle that ultimately
ended the Roman Republic and, eventually, the Ptolemaic Kingdom, leading to the rise of …

The use of documentary evidence to investigate past climatic trends and events has become
a recognised approach in recent decades. This contribution presents the state of the art in its …

Existing global volcanic radiative aerosol forcing estimates portray the period 700 to 1000 as
volcanically quiescent, void of major volcanic eruptions. However, this disagrees with …

Large tropical volcanic eruptions can affect the climate of many regions on Earth, yet it is
uncertain how the largest eruptions over the past millennium may have altered Earth's …

A typical character of land tenure or property systems in sub-Saharan Africa is that the
systems exclude women (implicitly and explicitly). That is why the discourse on women and …

Abstract During the 7–9th century, the Tibetan Empire constituted a superpower between the
Tang Empire and Abbasid Caliphate: one that played significant roles in geopolitics in Asia …