BACKGROUND Optical vortices provide one of the promising solutions for enhancing the
capacity of data multiplexing to meet an unprecedented growth in big data and internet traffic …

Two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black
phosphorus, MXenes, and semimetals have attracted extensive and widespread interest …

Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities
bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been …

Nanophotonic platforms such as metasurfaces, achieving arbitrary phase profiles within
ultrathin thickness, emerge as miniaturized, ultracompact and kaleidoscopic optical vortex …

Surface plasmons (SPs) are electromagnetic surface waves that propagate at the interface
between a conductor and a dielectric. Due to their unique ability to concentrate light on two …

Sorting orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) of photons is
crucial for optical communications, optical storage, and quantum information processing …

Recent advances in the research of vortex beams, structured beams carrying orbital angular
momentum (OAM), have revolutionized the applications of light beams, such as advanced …

Infrared metasurface, especially that having a working range covering wavelengths from
0.75 to 25 μm, has been exploited as a revolutionary tool to manipulate the properties of …

In recent years, metamaterials and metasurfaces have prospered in many fields of “science
and technology,” covering the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Metasurface devices …

Electromagnetic (EM) waves with helical wave front carry orbital angular momentum (OAM),
which is associated with the azimuthal phase of the complex electric field. OAM is a new …