Whether the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is universal or is instead sensitive to
environmental conditions is of critical importance: The IMF influences most observable …

We review the current theory of how galaxies form within the cosmological framework
provided by the cold dark matter paradigm for structure formation. Beginning with the pre …

The analysis of complex multiphysics astrophysical simulations presents a unique and
rapidly growing set of challenges: reproducibility, parallelization, and vast increases in data …

Starlight from galaxies plays a pivotal role throughout the process of cosmic reionization. We
present the statistics of dwarf galaxy properties at z> 7 in haloes with masses up to 109 M⊙ …

The development of advanced gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as Advanced
LIGO and Advanced Virgo, provides impetus to refine theoretical predictions for what these …

By definition, Population III stars are metal-free, and their protostellar collapse is driven by
molecular hydrogen cooling in the gas phase, leading to large characteristic masses …

The origin of the supermassive black holes that inhabit the centres of massive galaxies
remains unclear,. Direct-collapse black holes—remnants of supermassive stars, with …

Traditional cosmological hydrodynamics simulations fail to spatially resolve the
circumgalactic medium (CGM), the reservoir of tenuous gas surrounding a galaxy and …

Understanding the formation of the first stars is one of the frontier topics in modern
astrophysics and cosmology. Their emergence signalled the end of the cosmic dark ages, a …

We study star cluster formation at low metallicities of Z/Z⊙= 10− 4–10− 1 using three-
dimensional hydrodynamics simulations. Particular emphasis is put on how the stellar mass …