Although the pathobiology of atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial process, blood flow-
induced shear stress has emerged as an essential feature of atherogenesis. This fluid drag …

Mechanical forces are important modulators of cellular function in many tissues and are
particularly important in the cardiovascular system. The endothelium, by virtue of its unique …

Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and nearly the leading
cause in the develo** world, is associated with systemic risk factors including …

Background Studies of the cardioprotective effects of exercise training in patients with
coronary artery disease have yielded contradictory results. Exercise training has been …

Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis
and mediate several pathological and physiological processes. Mechanical stresses …

Background and Purpose—Evolution of intracranial aneurysmal disease is known to be
related to hemodynamic forces acting on the vessel wall. Low wall shear stress (WSS) has …

Shear stress is the tangential force of the flowing blood on the endothelial surface of the
blood vessel. Shear is described mathematically for ideal fluids, and in vitro models have …

Endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessel walls respond to shear stress, a fluid mechanical
force generated by flowing blood, and the EC responses play an important role in the …

Lung Krüppel-like factor (LKLF/KLF2) is an endothelial transcription factor that is crucially
involved in murine vasculogenesis and is specifically regulated by flow in vitro. We now …

Blood-flow-induced shear stress acting on the arterial wall is of paramount importance in
vascular biology. Endothelial cells sense shear stress and largely control its value in a …