One obvious feature of the solar cycle is its variation from one cycle to another. In this article,
we review the dynamo models for the long-term variations of the solar cycle. By long-term …

The dynamic activity of stars such as the Sun influences (exo) planetary space environments
through modulation of stellar radiation, plasma wind, particle and magnetic fluxes. Energetic …

We describe the defining observations of the solar cycle that provide constraints for the
dynamo processes operating within the Sun. Specifically, we report on the following topics …

The prediction of the strength of an upcoming solar cycle has been a long-standing
challenge in the field of solar physics. The inherent stochastic nature of the underlying solar …

Theoretical models for the solar dynamo range from simple low-dimensional “toy models” to
complex 3D-MHD simulations. Here we mainly discuss appproaches that are motivated and …

Abstract Although Lake Sevan is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Caucasus, no
paleohydrological or paleoenvironmental investigations have been carried out on profundal …

We propose a self-consistent explanation of Rieger-type periodicities, the Schwabe cycle,
and the Suess-de Vries cycle of the solar dynamo in terms of resonances of various wave …

The polar field reversal is a crucial process in the cyclic evolution of the large-scale
magnetic field of the Sun. Various important characteristics of a solar cycle, such as its …

Magnetic activity is a ubiquitous feature of stars with convective outer layers, with
implications from stellar evolution to planetary atmospheres. Investigating the mechanisms …

Radiocarbon (14C) is essential for creating chronologies to study the timings and drivers of
pivotal events in human history and the Earth system over the past 55,000 years. It is also a …