In the same way that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder, what a stimulus does to the brain
is determined not simply by the nature of the stimulus but by the nature of the brain that is …

Objective Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is a form of dual-site
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) entailing a series of single-TMS pulses paired at …

The transcranial evoked potential (TEP) is a powerful technique to investigate brain
dynamics, but some methodological issues limit its interpretation. A possible contamination …

This article introduces the Modified Al-Biruni Earth Radius (MBER) algorithm, which seeks to
improve the precision of categorizing eye states as either open (0) or closed (1). The …

The extensive use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in experimental and
clinical settings does not correspond to an in-depth understanding of its underlying …

Current diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illnesses are still based on behavioral
observations and self-reports, commonly leading to prolonged untreated illness. Biological …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐evoked potentials (TEPs) are a promising proxy for
measuring effective connectivity, that is, the directed transmission of physiological signals …

This systematic review investigated how prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
immediately influences neuronal excitability based on oxygenation changes measured by …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation paired with electroencephalography (TMS–EEG) can
measure local excitability and functional connectivity. To address trial-to-trial variability …

Human cognition and action can be influenced by internal bodily processes such as
heartbeats. For instance, somatosensory perception is impaired both during the systolic …