Although hormones such as glucocorticoids have been broadly accepted in recent decades
as general neuromodulators of memory processes, sex steroid hormones such as the potent …

Females have historically been disregarded in memory research, including the thousands of
studies examining roles for the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and amygdala in …

Across species, adolescence is a period of growing independence that is associated with
the maturation of cognitive, social, and affective processing. Reorganization of neural …

The activity of neurons in the rodent hippocampus contributes to diverse behaviors, with the
activity of ventral hippocampal neurons affecting behaviors related to anxiety and emotion …

The sex steroid hormones (SSHs) play several roles in regulation of various processes in
the cardiovascular, immune, muscular and neural systems. SSHs affect prenatal and …

Stress may promote emotional and cognitive disturbances, which differ by sex. Adverse
outcomes, including memory disturbances, are typically observed following chronic stress …

Aging in women is associated with low estrogen, but also with cognitive decline and
affective disorders. Whether low estrogen is causally responsible for these behavioral …

Already for centuries, humankind is driven to understand the physiological and pathological
mechanisms that occur in our brains. Today, we know that ion channels play an essential …

Multiple studies indicate that adult male rodents perform better than females on spatial
problems and have a lower threshold for long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal CA3 …

In the hippocampus, estrogen regulates gene transcription linked to neuronal growth,
neuroprotection, and the maintenance of memory function (–). The mechanism is likely to …