This paper proposes a three-dimensional analytical model of blow-out for a shallow tunnel
in sand. Upper bound theorem is adopted to deduce the analytical solutions of limit support …

Recent developments in tunneling have stimulated design practitioners to more effectively
utilize the underground spaces. However, tunneling at shallow depth in soft grounds gives …

Pre-support systems are very important for inner-city shallow tunnels in order to minimize
twin tunnel-induced surface deformations. However, previous studies concerning the …

For deep-buried shield tunnels in dry cohesionless soils, it is critical to determine the support
pressure acting on a tunnel face due to the significant soil arching effect during excavation …

Effective analytical models that can assess safety factors of a tunnel face with crown-type
reinforcements are very important for the preliminary design phase of tunnel excavations …

The stability control of surrounding rock is always one of the important problems in tunnel
construction. As a representative of tunnel pre-construction technology, advance grouting …

A distributed optical strain-sensing technique is presented as a solution for measuring the
strain distribution along ground support members used in tunnelling and mining works. The …

Face bolting and umbrella arch techniques are widely adopted to increase the stability of
tunnels in conventional tunnelling. Nevertheless, owing to incomplete theoretical analysis …

Hard rock formations with layered, anisotropic geological structures are rather common in
Norway. The design of tunnel rock support under such ground conditions has been …

This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the umbrella arch on the settlements
induced by shallow tunneling, based on three-dimensional finite element simulations using …