CO 2 emissions from maritime transport represent around 3% of total annual anthropogenic
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions are assumed to increase by 150–250 …

Abstract The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has placed stricter controls on
several aspects of global maritime transport operations to protect the environment. In light of …

Nowadays, extensive electrification of maritime transportation, represented by the seaport
microgrids and all-electric ships (AESs), has been viewed as a feasible route to enhance the …

Ammonia is a key chemical for the agriculture and chemical industries, and a potential future
marine fuel. Potential growth in ammonia demand further highlights the importance of …

Widely available and low-cost solar photovoltaics and wind power can enable production of
renewable electricity-based hydrogen at many locations throughout the world. Hydrogen is …

Despite a growing literature on strategies to reduce emissions and other externalities in
ship** and ports, very little attention has been given to the port's role in reducing negative …

International ship** has finally set a target to reduce its CO2 emission by at least 50% by
2050. Despite this positive progress, this target is still not sufficient to reach Paris Agreement …

Ship** industry is the backbone of global trade. However, the large quantities of
greenhouse gas emissions from ship**, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2), cannot be …

Abstract In 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) decided on global
regulations to reduce sulphur emissions to air from maritime ship** starting 2020. The …